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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through chemical communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental factors such as the termites' diet and also the composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been broken or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In certain species, some soldiers block tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they might deliberately rupture themselves as an act of defence.153 In cases where the intrusion is coming from a breach which is larger than the soldier's head, defence requires a special formations where soldiers form a phalanx-like formation around the breach and bite at intruders.154 When an invasion completed by Megaponera analis is powerful, an entire colony may be ruined, although this scenario is rare.154.

To termites, any violation of their tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites discover a potential violation, the soldiers normally bang their minds, apparently to attract different soldiers for defence and to recruit additional employees to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite lumps into other termites which causes them to be alerted and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which can be a way to recruit extra workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae has a specialised caste of soldiers, also known as nasutes, that have the capability to exude noxious liquids through a horn-like frontal projection that they use for defence.155 Nasutes have dropped their mandibles through the course of evolution and must be fed by employees.59 A vast array of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids which nasutes secrete.156 Likewise, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to safeguard their nests.157.

Soldiers of those species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of the cuticles. The thick, yellow fluid in the gland gets very sticky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects that are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, additionally engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a block which denies entry to any outsider.161.

Workers use many different strategies to deal with their dead, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse altogether.162163164 To avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries away a corpse from the colony to eliminate it elsewhere.165 Which approach is used depends on the nature of this corpse a employee is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These tiny brown chunks, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggsand in some circumstances the workers tend to these.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behavior exists between various species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain particular species within Reticulitermes.

This compound mimicry makes it possible for the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes allows the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Several species of ant have been known to catch termites to utilize as a brand new food hop over to these guys origin later on, rather than killing them. By way of example, Formica nigra captures termites, and people who attempt to escape are immediately captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species go in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants such as Megaponera analis assault the exterior of mounds and Dorylinae ants attack underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both occupied and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants live in Nasutitermes mounds is due to the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographical range; another would be to protect themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds although no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than a one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites reside inside busy ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and reside inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.